Timeline of Josephine Bakers Career

Josephine Baker is best remembered for dancing topless and wearing a banana skirt. Baker’s popularity rose during the 1920s for dancing in Paris. Until her death in 1975, Baker was devoted to fighting against injustice and racism throughout the world. Josephine Baker was born Freda Josephine McDonald on June 3, 1906. Her mother, Carrie McDonald, was a washerwoman and her father, Eddie Carson was a vaudeville drummer. The family lived in St. Louis before Carson left to pursue his dreams as a performer. By the age of eight, Baker was working as a domestic for rich white families. At the age of 13, she ran away and worked as a waitress. Timeline of Baker’s Work as a Performer 1919: Baker begins touring with the Jones Family Band as well as the Dixie Steppers. Baker performed comedic skits and danced. 1923: Baker lands a role in the Broadway musical Shuffle Along. Performing as a member of the chorus, Baker added her comedic persona, making her popular with audiences. Baker also moves to New York City. She is soon performing in Chocolate Dandies. She also performs with Ethel Waters at the Plantation Club. 1925 to 1930: Baker travels to Paris and performs in La Revue Nà ¨gre  at the Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre des Champs-Elysà ©es. French audiences were impressed with Baker’s performance—especially Danse Sauvage, in which she wore only a feather skirt. 1926: Baker’s career hits its peak. Performing at Folies Bergà ¨re music hall, in a set called La Folie du Jour, Baker danced topless, wearing a skirt made of bananas. The show was successful and Baker became one of the most popular and highest-paid performers in Europe. Writers and artists such as Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, and E. E. Cummings were fans. Baker also was nicknamed â€Å"Black Venus† and â€Å"Black Pearl.† 1930s: Baker begins singing and recording professional. She also plays the lead in several films including Zou-Zou  and  Princesse Tam-Tam. 1936: Baker returned to the United States and performed. She was met with hostility and racism by audiences. She returned to France and sought citizenship. 1973: Baker performs at Carnegie Hall and receives strong reviews from critics. The show marked Baker’s comeback as a performer.   In April 1975, Baker performed at Bobino Theater in Paris. The performance was a celebration of the 50th Anniversary of her debut in Paris. Celebrities such as Sophia Loren and Princess Grace of Monaco were in attendance. The French Resistance 1936: Baker works for the Red Cross during the French Occupation. She entertained troops in Africa and the Middle East. During this time, she smuggled messages for the French Resistance. When World War II ended, Baker earned the Croix de Guerre and the Legion of Honour, France’s highest military honors. Civil Rights Activism During the 1950s, Baker returned to the United States and supported the Civil Rights Movement. In particular, Baker participated in various demonstrations. She boycotted segregated clubs and concert venues, arguing that if African-Americans could not attend her shows, she would not perform. In 1963, Baker participated in the March on Washington. For her efforts as a civil rights activist, the NAACP named May 20th â€Å"Josephine Baker Day.† Bakers Death On April 12, 1975, Baker died of a cerebral hemorrhage. At her funeral, more than 20,000 people came to the streets in Paris to participate in the procession. The French Government honored her with a 21-gun salute. With this honor, Baker became the first American woman to be buried in France with military honors.

International Trade And The Global Economy Essay - 1801 Words

International trade refers to the exchange of goods, services, and capital across international borders. Sovereigns of countries have been involved in trade for centuries. Worldwide governments intervene with trade, taking it into their own hands to regulate, restrict and set specific standards to best fit their countries needs and demands. International trade policies dictate the terms and conditions that countries must adhere to before becoming fully integrated into the global economy. Globalization, technological advancements, industrialization, outsourcing, and multinational corporations impact the system of international trade. Through global trade and policies, countries can produce and export goods as well as services to other nations with minimal restrictions. International trade and policies improve and facilitate international relations, trading, technology sharing, consumption and real income of countries involved. The social, political, and economic importance of internat ional trade has risen significantly in recent years, increasing criticism on government policies worldwide. Governments around the world are coming to the realization of the benefits of retracting policies and barriers from international trade, as they realize their role should be more minimal. Trade policy is the laws surrounding the international exchange of goods/services between countries. It defines standards, rules and regulations that are applicable to trade relations internationally;Show MoreRelatedThe Global Economy and International Trade1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Global Economy and International Trade What Is International Trade International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). 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Typically associatedRead MoreRealist and Liberalist Perspectives of Globalization Essay examples738 Words   |  3 Pagesperspectives have different explanations as to why and how globalization evolved. Realists argue that international trade is most effective when there is hegemony in the world market, whereas liberalists believe that it is a matter of how countries use the idea of reciprocity in their decision about trade. I agree with the realist perspective because hegemony allows the global economy to enhance and international trade functions the best when a hegemon dominates the world market. Realist perspective explainsRead MorePolitical Factors That Affect International Business1020 Words   |  5 PagesWhile Global businesses operate in overseas markets there is often a risk, the risk is referred to as political environment risk, and these factors can facilitate or hinder business operation. Some of the political factors that affect international business include† (Justin Ervin. Zachary Smith A.2008). One significant political environmental factor that influences international business operation is trade agreements. Countries frequently enter into trade treaties to further facilitate trade betweenRead MoreInternational Business : Cross Border Commerce1460 Words   |  6 PagesInternational business is also known as cross border commerce. Only half of American businesses pursue overseas opportunities. A variety of reasons keep American businesses from pursuing a global market. The biggest reason for not engaging in cross border commerce is fear, lack of knowledge. With education, international businesses can be effective, efficient, and profitable. Having a basic understanding of globalization leads to building a more solid foundation of understanding the environmentalRead MoreGrowing and Emergin Economies: South Korea1116 Words   |  4 Pagesand emerging economy offers multinational companies the option of conducting business globally. Rapid growth and transformation of the S outh Korean economy has enabled the country to become a leader in the global market. Multinational companies that are looking for new global markets should pay attention to the South Korean economy. Strong markets exist for many industries within South Korea. The emerging electronics and motor vehicle market in South Korea has pushed its economy into one of theRead MoreTransportation, Globalization And International Trade1671 Words   |  7 PagesTransportation, Globalization and International Trade Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue 1. The Flows of Globalization In a global economy, no nation is self-sufficient. Each is involved at different levels in trade to sell what it produces, to acquire what it lacks and also to produce more efficiently in some economic sectors than its trade partners. International Trade. An exchange of goods or services across national jurisdictions. Inbound trade is defined as imports and outbound trade is defined as exportsRead MoreNeoliberal Globalization:Transformation and Development1021 Words   |  5 Pageshave more interconnectedness and interdependence with each other for the global economy to prosper. Meanwhile, Significant changes have occurred in the nature of international trade and commodity production for the past decades. These changes also lead to new geographic, social, and political divisions of labor worldwide. Moreover, social and political consequences of these transformations have begun to take effects on a global scale. In this essay I am going to explain such transformations and illustrate

Handling of Grievance Procedurin Organizations Free Essays

Various organizations are aware about the diversification of the employees’ traits and characteristics. Instead of letting these individuals affects the culture of the organization, it is the corporate culture that tends to affect their behavior. Still, there are chances that within the organization, the collision and clash of ideas might turn into arguments. We will write a custom essay sample on Handling of Grievance Procedurin Organizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to bring back the harmony inside the organization, the management is engaged in handling the different faces of issues to maintain the life and the employees’ relationship. Background of the StudyThe issue of grievance within the organization is identified as the protest of the people against the application of the policies which is placed in an unjust or unfair manner (Hardeman, 2006). The organization sets rules or regulations which some of the employees’ finds faults or conflicts. In order to compensate their right to clarify the things, in which they believe that will affect them sooner, the employees do what for them fits and right. The grievance is the kind of procedure that values the idea and participation of the employees’ but often taken as a negative factor within the organizations.However, the organizations are still looking for an effective way in handling the grievances in their organization. Scope of the Study The scope of the study intentionally addresses the handling of the grievances inside the organization. The administration of the grievance is important in all types of organization. The creation of the study is meant for properly handling the grievances with administration’s judgment and the person or people involved should be addressed their on role and address their issue of grievance. Research ObjectivesThe first objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the grievance procedures within the organization. The second objective is to identify the appropriate techniques in handling the grievance within the organizations. With these two objectives, the respected organization can identify the right formula in handling the conflict such as grievance in the workplace. Literature Review In order to adjust the employees’ concerns, there are recognized procedures that applied by the organization in detailing the every inch of the problems.The grievance procedures are part in the specified area of labor in which the main concept is to implement the system regarding the various concerns and complaints. People are important for the business leaders and managers, and to minimize the conflicts and other problem within the workplace, they have to handle the issue with fair treatment. Historically, the grievance procedures can formulate the positive outcomes and contribute to for the effectiveness of the management. This can be another tool for the management to maintain the relationships with in the workplace. With the use of the system, the management can evaluate its own flexibility for the managers are capable in handling the arguments by providing therapeutic value. The grievance procedures provide the means of indentifying the appropriate practices, procedures, and administrative policies that can cause the employee’s complaints be considered (Bohlander, 1989). The creation of the grievance procedures began through the various conceptualizations of the people and their access in resolutions. The comparison of the female and male employees has difference means of grievance procedure.Mostly, women are anticipated in seeking justice but are lacked in the access in networks that are necessary towards the resolution. Meanwhile, the men are hesitant to embrace the formality of the grievance procedures for they were reluctant to damage their relationships with other people (Hoffman, 2005). There are recognized steps in handling the grievance which can be also applied in the process of the organizations. Firstly and maybe the most important, is to let the person or the people stand up and speak on what are the things they believed is wrong.Everybody has a right to be heard, and with the open communication, the problem can be easily resolved (Hardeman, 2004). The people who participated should be true to himself to let the organization what he truly desires regarding on the imposed regulations. Methodology The proposed method in the study is the use of the comparative case study which is related and concern regarding to the grievance procedures. With the aid of the past literatures and other related study, the current study can have the opportunity to compare and review the related study that emphasizes the handling of grievance and the procedures.In addition, the study can generate its own analysis and conclusion on what would be the best applied technique/s to handle and, therefore, resolve the recognized grievance within the organization. References: Bohlander, G. W. , 1989. Public Sector Independent Grievance Systems: Methods and Procedures, Public Personnel Management, Vol. 18, No. 3. Hardeman, T. , 2004. Complaint, Grievance, Whistle-Blowing Administrative Regulation [Online] Available at: http://www. faith. edu. ph/manila/uploads/file/policies/grievance-policy-web. df [Accessed 22 March 2010]. Hoffman, E. , 2005. Dispute Resolution in a Worker Cooperative: Formal Procedures and Procedural Justice, Law Society Review, Vol. 39, No. 1. Read more: http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2010/03/handling-of-grievance-procedures-in-organizations. html#ixzz17KYToojb Introduction Maintaining quality of work life for its employees is an important concern for the any organisation. The grievance handling procedure of the organisation can affect the harmonious environment of the organisation.The grievances of the employees are related to the contract, work rule or regulation, policy or procedure, health and safety regulation, past practice, changing the cultural norms unilaterally, individual victimization, wage, bonus, etc. Here, the attitude on the part of management in their effort to understand the problems of employees and resolve the issues amicably have better probability to maintain a culture of high performance. Managers must be educated about the importance of the grievance process and their role in maintaining favorable relations with the union.Effective grievance handling is an essential part of cultivating good employee relations and running a fair, successful, and productive workplace. Positive labor relations are two-way street both sides must give a little and try to work together. Relationship building is key to successful labor relations. Precautions and Prescriptions The management should take care of following aspects to develop a culture of trust and confidence upon the employees. 1. Always ensure that the managers involved in the grievance handling procedures have a quiet place to meet with the complainant. . Always ensure that managers have adequate time to be devoted to the complainant. 3. Explain manager’s role, the policy and the procedures clearly in the grievance handling procedure. 4. Fully explaining the situation to the employee to eliminate any misunderstanding and promote better acceptance of the situation complained of. 5. Try to let employee present their issues without prejudging or commenting 6. Do use a positive, friendly ways to resolve the crisis than punitive steps, which disturb the system. 7.Do remain calm, cool, collected during the course of the meeting. 8. Always focus on the subject of the grievance than allied issues. 9. Don’t make threats manage the grievances. 10. Never make use of allegations against personalities. 11. Be aware of the staff member’s potential concerns to the possible repercussions of raising a grievance. 12. Don’t become angry, belligerent, or hostile during grievance handling procedure. 13. Do listen for the main point of arguments and any possible avenue to resolve the grievance. 14.Listen and respond sensitively to any distress exhibited by the employees. 15. Eliminating the source of the irritation or discomfort being complained of. 16. Reassure them that the managers will be acting impartially and that your hope is to resolve the matter if possible. 17. Don’t â€Å"horse trade† or swap one grievance for another (where the union wins one, management wins one). Each case should be decided on its merits. 18. Avoid usage of verbosisms like   â€Å"it will be taken care of. † 19. Ensure effective, sensitive and confidential communication between all involved. 0. Take all possible steps to ensure that no victimization occurs as a result of the grievance being raised. 21. The investigator or decision maker acts impartially, which means they must exclude themselves if there is any bias or conflict of interest. 22. All parties are heard and those who have had complaints made against others are given an opportunity to respond. 23. Try to look upon the problem on different angles for appropriate understanding. 24. Ensuring that there is proper investigation of the facts and figures related the problem under concern. 25.Consider all relevant information in the investigation process. 26. Ask the staff member their preferred resolution option, although it is important to make it clear that this may not be a possible outcome. 27. Be aware of the limits of authority of the person who involved in the grievance handling procedures. 28. If the manager feels that he/she is not the appropriate person (senior manager) to deal with the issue refer the complainant to the appropriate person as soon as possible. 29. Try to get a better idea of whether the alleged discrimination or harassment happened or didn’t happen. 0. Tell them exactly what they are supposed to have done, to whom and explain, why this may be seen as discrimination/harassment or as inappropriate. 31. Grievances are preferably to be settled informally at the level of the employee’s immediate supervisor. 32. Try the level best to involve team members to resolve the crisis at unit level itself. 33. Avoid as far as possible the union involvement in conflict resolution situation process. 34. Follow documentation the procedures, of all necessary steps taken to resolve the problem/complaint. ConclusionTo a great extend the aggravation of industrial problems depends on manager’s approaches and attitude in effective handling of employees grievances. Care should be taken in the way managers approaches the problem and perceiving the pros and cons of the situation. The conflict management approaches include the win-win strategy that help in the healthy organisational practices and which reflects the strong organisational culture. The cooperation from both parties is the pre-requisite to handle the problem and effective settlement of the grievances.Conscious use of professional self can help managers in the conflict handling situations grievance redressal process. References 1. European Trade Union Institute (1989) Collective Bargaining in Western Europe 2. Ozaki (1987), ‘Labour Relations in the Public Service,’ IL Review, July – Aug. 3. Schregle J (1991)’Workers Participation in Decisions Within Undertaking’   IL Review Jan – Feb. APSRACT A grievance is a sign of an employee’s discontentment with his job or his relationship with his colleagues.Grievances generally arise out of the day-to-day working relations in an organization. An employee or a trade union protests against an act or policy of the management that they consider as violating employee’s rights. One of the effective ways of minimizing and eliminating the source of an employee’s grievance is by having an ‘open door policy’. An ‘open door policy’facilitates upward communication in the organization where employees can walk into a superiors’cabin at any time and express their grievances. The National Commission on Labor suggested a Model Grievance Procedure, which lays down the sequence of steps to be taken whenever a grievance is expressed. Conflict occurs when two or more people or parties perceive an incompatibility in their goals or expectations. There are seven methods for achieving reconciliation of conflict. These methods are win-lose, withdrawal and retreat from argument, smoothing and playing down the difference, arbitration, mediation, compromise and problem solving. Of all these methods How to cite Handling of Grievance Procedurin Organizations, Papers

Way Christian Counselors Approach Integration. free essay sample

Do attachment disorders have significant affect on the lives of adopted children? Some studies have linked the possible development of psychiatric disorders with insure attachment. What are the treatments and are the treatments effective? Will the adopted child gain the ability to trust or even love the adoptive parents? As we will soon discover, attachment disorder is more complex than the general public would ever consider. All adopted children suffer from type of attachment disorder. The most severe of the attachment disorder RAD (Reactive Attachment Disorder) is extremely challenging for the child and the adoptive family. The misdiagnosis of RAD delays treatment; early treatment is essential for these children. Lacher, Nichols, and May gives options on facilitating attachments in RAD clients through the stories of other children with RAD. We will explore the varying types of attachment disorder, treatment methods, and the effectiveness of the treatment. Introduction: The subject of Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children is personal for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Way Christian Counselors Approach Integration. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My inability to conceive, along with my desire to be a mother, prompted my husband and me to explore adoption. As I briefly research this disorder, I will attempt to simplify the psychological/scientific data in order for a prospective adoptive parent to understand. The state in which we resided at that time played on my emotional state. During this Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children2 time, my husband had a 17 year-old son from a previous marriage; therefore he was more objective than was I. My husband and I were never introduced to infants, even though we knew there were infants in the state system. We even met a couple who was given an infant only to find out that she had a relative who was a social worker for the agency. Believing there was no hope of getting an infant, my husband and I brought home a 9 year-old girl. One year later we were asked to bring in 18 month old twin boys as an emergency placement. After exploring the types of attachment disorders, treatments, and effectiveness of treatment, the prospective adoptive parent will have the information needed in order to make an informed decision. The information obtained in this presentation would have been extremely beneficial for us. We were made aware of her attachment disorder but no one explained it in detail. Our concept of attachment disorder at that time was that she had an issue forming some emotional ties. To my dismay, the attachment disorder she had was more intense. After approximately three years of caring for this child and not observing any signs of bonding from her, we relinquished our parental rights. I thought I would help her recover because I loved her. And as I believed, love would be enough. She was known in the city as a runaway and would get in the automobiles of anyone who would stop and talk with her. We relinquished our rights in order to protect her; this was my final act as a mother to this child. The relinquishing of parental rights came with several emotions, even though this child had not bonding with us, we bonding with her. We experienced loss, anger, and confusion; in other words we went through the grieving Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children3 process. With extra training and social workers explaining attachment disorder in detail, the placement would have had a better chance of survival. We had the twins for five and one half years with plans to adopt. The biological mother’s rights were terminated but not the biological father who is current serving time in the state penitentiary system. The twins have never met the biological father; he was imprisoned shortly after their birth. Our boys are away from us currently, but we are trusting God for the return of our sons. According to The Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary (11th edition), attachment is the state of being personally attached (permanently fixed): fidelity: affectionate regard. Also, disorder is to disturb the regular or normal functions of. Therefore, attachment disorder is the disturbance of regular or normal functions of affectionate regards. As mentioned in the introduction, this definition is accepted by the laity and is not the full concept of the disorder. In all actuality attachment disorder is more complex than the aforementioned definition would portray. Attachment disorders can be observed in every stage of life; for this document we will focus on its effect on children (infants to pre-adolescents). Development of attachment during infancy/toddlers years is important in developing social interactions as the child journeys through life. When children experience attachment to a given person, they feel pleasure when they are with them and feel comfort by their presence in the times of distress. † (Feldman, 2010, page 179. Attachment disorder is more complicated than mere emotional ties. Attachment disorder is also influenced by the environment (thoughts and ideas). An example of Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children4 environmental influences is Christianity or secularism. The child may not have emotional ties to Christianity but the child has been exposed to this information in the home environment. An example of either prolonged experiences of mother-child separation or deprivation of maternal care (lack of attachment) was common among adolescents who had a history of stealingthis was also known as â€Å"affectionless† (Bowlby, 1944). There are three stages that an infant goes through related to attachment disruption: protest, despair, and detachment. Parental response to infant’s basic needs influences the infant’s attachment style. Sensitivity of the parent leads to a secure attachment; lack of sensitivity yields insecure attachment. Causes of Attachment Disorder What are the causes of attachment disorders? Attachment disorder occurs for many reasons. The primary cause is the inability of the child to consistently connect due to varying factors. Some factors which disrupt a connection are: (1) A baby’s immediate needs (hungry, wet, etc. ) are not attended to for hours. (2) No interaction (no one looks at child, talks to, etc. ), so the baby feels alone (3) Young child gets attention (positive or negative) only by acting out or displaying extreme behavior (4) Mistreatment of or abuse of child (5) A child is moved from one caregiver to another (due to loss of parent, foster Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children5 are or adoption). Help Guide. org Types of Attachment Disorders What are the types of attachment disorders? Avoidant, Anxious/Ambivalent, Disorganized and Reactive are a few. All of these disorders will have an affect on future relationships. Avoidant attachment occurs when children protect themselves by rejecting attachment. When a child does not trust the present attac hment this is known as anxious/ambivalent attachment. Disorganized attachment is difficult to understand by the child may move very rapidly between extreme closeness and extreme distance. Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is a severe form of insecure divided into two categories: Inhibited (emotionally withdrawn) and disinhibited (overly sociable with strangers, indiscriminately seeks affection and comfort. Signs and Symptoms What are some of the signs and symptoms of attachment disorders? In infants attachment disorders can be exhibited in avoiding eye contact, doesn’t smile, isn’t interested in playing, displays a lack of interest upon return of the caregiver, and doesn’t reach to be picked up. Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children6 Signs and symptoms of RAD (reactive attachment disorder) are for inhibitedextremely withdrawn, emotionally detached, acts out in aggression when other try to get close. Disinhibitedprefer other adults over parent figure even strangers, seek comfort from anyone, acts much younger than chronological age and appears chronically anxious. Most children with RAD are misdiagnosed. These children are given diagnosis of attachment disorder, defiant disorder, depression, ADHD to name a few. RAD clients may experience a myriad of symptom exhibited from numerous disorders as above. Self mutilation and self-defeating acts are prevalent (Lyon-Ruth, 1996). Lack of empathy, pathological lying, and professional manipulation are also characteristics of RAD. These three issues are the leading cause of failed placement. Affection is governed at the discretion of the child. The children react on the extreme polar ends (clinging to total avoidance). Treatment There are various methods of treatment. Treatments involve attachment parenting (Babywise), various conceptual therapies, physical concept (re-birthing), neurofeedback therapy, and other counseling methods. Babywise Parenting claims that parents can establish a rountine in their baby’s life from day one and stick to it no matter what. Parent-Directed Feeding (PDF) is an infant-management strategy designed to meet the nutritional, physical, and emotional needs of the baby as well as the needs of the whole Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children7 family (Ezzo and Buckman, 1995, page 38). Two related dangers threaten successful parenting: not understanding the significance of the husband-wife relationship in the parenting process and the hazard of child-centered parenting (Ezzo and Buckman, 1995, page 19). A conceptual therapy includes but is not limited to; a family service plan. A family service plan model phases with measurable goals. An example of the family service plan is phase one: ensure the safety of the child, increase feelings of trust for all involved family members, and immediately stabilize outburst; phase two: establish and maintain boundaries; phase three: develop cohesive relationship with home and school. With everyone actively participating in the therapy the child has a better chance of establishing an attachment. Re-birth has been used as a physical concept therapy. Re-birth is the physical reenactment of birth. Candace Newmaker (10 year old) suffocated during a re-birth treatment carried out by her therapist. Neurofeedback is using EEG’s to detect brain wave patterns along with a reward system to reduce some neurological occurrences (seizures, ADHD, etc. ). Psychologist Laurence Hirshberg reflecting on a treatment stated, â€Å"You take a child with RAD who struggled for years with expressing any feeling of warmth and affection. You do five or six (neurofeedback) session, and suddenly, the parents report, ‘O my God, he’s showing warmth and affection. ’ He sits next to them on the couch, he smiles. One model for treatment is early diagnosis, placement in a secure environment, specialized parenting training, family functioning and coping skills and working with the child and family in a natural environment and less in client environment. The most significant application in a successful outcome is quality Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children8 training of the adoptive parents. The parents must be â€Å"thick skinned† which means unshakable or immovable. Above love, the family must have an insurmountable amount of patience. Essentially, these parents will be coming non-professional expert therapist.